Listening in the study of Psycholinguistics

Listening is a process of listening to verbal symbols with caring, understanding, appreciation, and interpretation to obtain information, content capture and understand the meaning of communication is conveyed by the speaker through speech or spoken language (Tarin, 1985). Listening is listening (attention) well what is spoken or read the (KBBI 2001: 1066).
According to Tubbs and Moss (2001: 157) listening activity is a complicated and complex activity, because it involves four elements, namely:1) Listen2) Noting3) Understanding4) Given
While the aspects that influence the effectiveness of listening, among others, are: Physical, Psychological, and experience.1) Physical factorsThe physical condition of a person important factor that determines the effectiveness and quality of its activity in listening. For example, people are difficult to hear, in similar circumstances, he was disturbed and puzzled by the effort he did to hear.
The physical environment also take responsibility for one's listening ineffectiveness. The room is too hot, humid, or too cold, noise and disturbing noises from the street or from some parts of the room where the person is, the people who move or walk to and fro casually so disturbing that people are listening. Although it seems trivial, but it should be considered so as not to hinder the process of listening.
2) Psychological FactorsPsychological factors include issues:a. Prejudice and lack of sympathy for the speakerb. Fixation on personal interests and personal issuesc. Pettiness, less expansive viewd. Boredom or lack of attention at all on the subject
All these factors can influence the direction of adverse listening and we do not want. Given these factors should a speaker can stimulate interest person.
3) Experience FactorPresumably no doubt that our attitudes are the result of growth, the development of our own experience. Lack or absence of interest also seems to be the result of poor or no experience at all experience in the field that will be listened to. Opposing attitudes and hostility arising from experiences that are not pleasant. So, background experience is an important factor in listening. (Tarin, 1985)
Listening skills can be sharpened through various activities in both formal and informal life as a whole will improve information acquisition and listening skill level itself. (Mulyana, 2001: 175-197). Listening skills can be improved in several ways, namely:1) Pay attention to gathering material well2) Listen to the major purposes
Especially with regard to the language, the more foreign languages ​​so students should listen to and get to know and understand (because all that implies). The things that need to be listened to, namely:
1) The sounds phonemic language2) Sequence sound3) The words task4) The changes sound5) structural groupings6) Instructions arrangement / sequence of words related to the function and meaning7) The meaning of the word8) The word of say, which is contained in the preface speech9) The meaning of culture (Tarin, 1985)
Listening is the process of transformation of sound to form meaning. Several methods of listening:
1) Listening critically: assessing carefully the information from the speaker to determine the truth.2) Listening concentrative: capturing ideas / information from the speaker so as not to deviate from the topic.3) Listening creative: connecting with imagination and beauty while listening to the speaker.4) interrogative Listening: listening to the high level of concentration because of the person must ask the question, so that the object is more narrowed.5) exploratory Listening: listening intensively to obtain new facts.
Listening and reading have similarities, both are receptive, be received. The difference is listening to receive information from oral sources, while reading the received information from written sources. (Tarin, 1985).
Requires both reading and listening experience. Ideas or concepts that should be listened to or read partially known. Both an understanding of phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Read called attention to punctuation (punctuation) in writing, while listening to call attention to the pause, intonation in speech.
Penyimak not see the dictionary with the promptly at the time listening to speech speaker. Readers do not make personal contact with the author. In listening to the sound seemed to change, and when we came face to face with the speaker appeared cues and facial expressions. Between reading habits and correlation capabilities. The higher class students, the correlation between reading vocabulary and vocabulary refer to very high. Improvement in listening skills need to be followed by an increase in reading skills.

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