Regarding Assessment Language Acquisition

Research on child language acquisition, both first language and second language, showing different aspects of a role in the process of language acquisition. The studies that have been done by the famous linguist before, like Labov, 1964; 1966; Weinrech, Labov and Herzon, 1968, and Deser, 1989; 1991 showed that in the first language acquisition, children are influenced by their friends themselves than by their parents. 

The results Payne (1991, in Stanford, 2008), showed that the children of migrant families in Philadelphia are more influenced by their friends in the acquisition of certain sounds that characterize the area despite their parents provide a maximum input. So is the case with research Kerswill and Williams (2000, in Stanford, 2000), which show the influence of friends on acquiring sound (ou). However, a recent study by Stanford (2008), suggests that the linguistic knowledge of children in Sui (southwestern China) are not affected by a parent or a friend, but by the clan (clan).
 Zampini (1994) which examines the role of language transfer, English, and task formality in the acquisition of sound letup / bdg / phonemes and fariannya hiss / ¢ ¤ ƒ / in Spanish, as a second language. The study of two groups of students who are learning English Spanish indicate that the role of the English language at all in determining the success of the acquisition hissing sound vibration (voiced spirants) / ¢ ¤ ƒ / in Spanish. Generally they can not pronounce. This leads to a decrease in the correct pronunciation in the task of reading the text formally. 

Spada and Lightbown (1999) examine how the interaction between the developmental readiness of students to the instructions given in second language acquisition (L2), namely English. Parvaneh Tavakoli and Pauline Foster (2008), examines how the influence of narrative structure and narrative complexity to the performance of second language learners. They studied 60 people who learn English in Tehran and 40 people in London, who was asked to retell the story of the cartoon image shown. The results showed that students from London use more complex sentences and vocabulary are varied. However, there was no difference between the two in other aspects. While Pearson (2007) research on language acquisition in bilingual communities. According to him, the input is the most decisive factor in whether a minority language to be learned or not. However, the status of language and language attitudes also play a role. If the family is proactive and use the minority language in daily activities, children will learn the language.

Function Of Language

Understanding the Language 

According Gorys Keraf (1997: 1), language is a means of communication between members of the public in the form of a symbol of the sound produced by the instrument man said. Perhaps there is an objection by saying that the language is not the only tool for communicating. They showed that two persons or parties communicating by means of specific ways that have been agreed. The paintings, smoke, sound of drum or casks and so on. But they should also recognize that when compared with the language, all communication devices before contains many weak aspects.

  Language provides the possibility of a much more extensive and complex than can be obtained by using the media earlier. Language should be a sound produced by the instrument man said. Not that any sound. And the sound itself should be a symbol or a symbol. on the other hand, Language is a communication system that uses symbols vocal (speech sound) that is arbitrary, which can be enhanced by physical movements of the real. He is a symbol for a series of sound produced by the instrument said people should be given a specific meaning as well. The symbol is a sign that given a particular meaning, which refers to something that can be absorbed by the five senses.

Means the language includes two fields, namely vocals produced by said instrument man, and the meaning or significance of the relation between vowel sequence with the goods or thing it represents, it is. The sound was also the vibrations that stimulate our audience tools (= being absorbed by our senses, while the meaning of the contents contained in the stream of sound that causes a reaction or response from others).

Meaning contained in a series of sound arbitrary or arbitrary. Arbitrary or arbitrary means there is a necessity that a particular sound sequence must contain a specific meaning as well. Is an animal with specific characteristics is called a dog, dog, hund, chien or canis that depend on the agreement that the language of community members each.
  
of course you definitely ask language really affect human behavior?

According Sabriani (1963), questioned whether the language that affect human behavior or not? Actually there are other variables that are variable between language and behavior. Variables are variables reality. If this is true, then it opened up an opportunity that is not necessarily the language that influence human behavior, be it reality or both.

The presence of reality and its relationship with other variables, ie, language and behavior, need to be verified. In addition, it should also be observed that the term implies behavior of speakers. The term behavior refers to the behavior of speakers of the language, which in terms of communication include the listener, reader, speaker, and author.

Language and Reality
Fodor (1974) says that language is a system of symbols and signs. The meaning of a symbol system is a symbol of the relationship with the conventional meaning. While the system is a sign that the relationship is not conventional signs and meanings but is determined by the nature or particular characteristics possessed object or situation in question. In the Indonesian language word lizards have a causal relationship with referennya or animals. That is, the beast called the lizard because her voice sounded like cak-cak-cak. Thus the word lizard called the sign is not a symbol. Furthermore, Fodor says that language problems are problems of meaning. Actually, not all linguists distinguish between symbols and signs. Richards (1985) mentions the word table as a sign although no causal relationship between objects (objects) that represented the word with the word table.

From the above description can be caught that one way is to express the meaning of the language, and there are many other ways that can be used. But so far, what is the meaning of meaning, or what the meaning is not clear. Bolinger (1981) states that language has a system of phonemes, which are formed from the distinctive features of sound, systems morpheme and syntax. To express the meaning of language should relate to the outside world. What is meant by the outside world is a world beyond the language included in the self-speaking world. World in the sense that this is called reality.

Explanation Bolinger (1981) suggests that the meaning is the relationship between reality and language. Meanwhile, reality includes everything that is beyond language. Reality may be manifested in the form of abstract language, because there is no language without meaning. While the meaning is the result of the relationship of language and reality.

By Felicia (2001: 1), the day-to-day communication, one of the most commonly used is the language, either spoken or written language. So close we are to the language, especially the Indonesian language, so it is not necessary for learning Indonesian and explore further. Consequently, as the user language, Indonesian people are not skilled in the use of language. An unconscious weakness.Verbal communication or non-standard in a very practical cause we do not speak carefully. As a result, we have difficulties when going to use written language or language that is more standardized and orderly. By the time required to speak 'for the benefit of a more directed to a specific purpose, we tend to be rigid. We will be speaking haltingly or language mixing standards with non-standard language or even, mixing foreign language or terms in our description. In fact, the language is very flexible, very manipulative. We can always manipulate the language to specific interests and goals. See, how clever the people involved in politics through language. We can always manipulate the language to specific interests and goals. In order to manipulate the language, we need to know the functions of language.Basically, the language has certain functions that are used by the needs of a person, ie, as a tool for self-expression, as a means to communicate, as a tool to organize and adapt to social integration in the environment or circumstances, and as a tool for social control (Keraf , 1997: 3).Swift currents of globalization on our lives will impact the growth and development of language as a means of supporting the growth and development of culture, science and technology. In the globalization era, the Indonesian people would not want to play a part in the world of free competition, whether in politics, economics, and communication. Concepts and new terminology in the growth and development of science and technology (science) indirectly enrich the Indonesian language. Thus, all cultural products will grow well in accordance with the growth and development of science and technology, including the Indonesian language, which is in it, as well as acting as infrastructure thinking and supporting the growth and development of science and technology that (Sunaryo, 1993, 1995) .According Sunaryo (2000: 6), in the absence of language (including Indonesian) science can not grow and thrive. Besides Indonesian in the cultural fabric, it has a position, function, and the dual role as the roots and cultural products that also functions as a means of thinking and supporting the growth and development of science and technology. Without a role similar language, science and technology will not be developed. The implication in the development of reasoning power, making the language of the infrastructure of modern thinking. Therefore, if you are careful in using the language, we will be careful in thinking as well as the language is a reflection of the power of reason (mind).Results reasoning power utilization will depend on the variety of the language used. Habituation use Indonesian language properly will produce the fruit of good and true thoughts anyway. The fact that the Indonesian language as a form of Indonesian identity becomes a means of communication in modern society. Indonesian be flexible to be able to function as a means of communication modern society. 
Bahasa sebagai Alat Ekspresi Diri

Language as a Tool for Self-Expression
 At first, a child uses language to express his will or feelings on a fixed target, the father-mother. During its development, a child no longer uses the language just to express his will, but also to communicate with the surrounding environment. Once we mature, we use language, both to express themselves and to communicate. A writer expresses himself through his writing. In fact, a scientific paper is a means of self-expression was a scientist to demonstrate ability in a particular field of science. Thus, we can write to express ourselves or to achieve certain goals.As another example, we are writing in a book, is the result of our self-expression. When we write, we do not think about who our readers. We just poured our hearts and feelings without thinking about whether it's writing to understand other people or not. However, when we write a letter to another person, we begin to think to whom the letter will be addressed. We choose a different way of speaking to people we respect in comparison to the way we speak to our friends.At the time of using language as a tool for self-expression, the language user need not consider or care who the listeners, readers, or target audience. He uses language just for personal interests. This function is different from the next function, namely language as a tool to communicate.As a means to express self-expression, language stating openly everything that is implied in our chests, at least to declare our existence. The elements that encourage self-expression, among others:- In order to attract the attention of others towards us,- The desire to free ourselves from all the emotional stressAt the beginning level, the language in children partly developed as a tool to express himself (Gorys Keraf, 1997: 4).

 Language as a Communication Tool
 Communication is a further result of self-expression. Communication will not be perfect when we are self-expression is not accepted or understood by others. With communication, we also learn and inherit all that ever achieved by our ancestors, and what is achieved by the people of our contemporaries.As a tool of communication, language is our intent formulation channels, giving birth to our feelings and allows us to create work with fellow citizens. It manages a wide range of community activities, plan and direct our future (Gorys Keraf, 1997: 4).At the moment we use language as a communication tool, we already have a specific purpose. We want to be understood by others. We want to convey the idea that can be accepted by others. We want to make others believe to our view. We want to influence others. Furthermore, we want others to buy the idea. So, in this case the reader or the listener or the target audience be our primary concern. We use language by taking into account the interests and needs of our target audiences.At the moment we use language to communicate, among other things we also consider whether the language we use for sale behavior. Therefore, we often hear the term "communicative language". For example, the macro is only understood by the people and a certain level of education, however large or broad words more easily understood by the general public. TVC says, for example, is more difficult to understand than the word house or homestead. In other words, the large, spacious, home, house, thought to be more communicative because it is more general. Instead, words or macro TVC will give another nuance in our language, for example, scientific nuances, shades of intellect, or a traditional feel.Language as a means of self-expression and as a communication tool served as a tool to show their identity. Through language, we can show our perspective, our understanding of the matter, the origin of the nation and our state, our education, and even our character. Language becomes a mirror of us, both as a nation and as yourself.  

in closing this paper, I suggest that a good language is a language that works well for users. therefore, as a good citizen be a good language user that the existence of the language and be able to formulate a well defined anyway 
Regards Handboom, may be useful for you

Culture Indonesian

Abstract
Language plays an important role in our lives, the language has influences outstanding, and included what distinguishes humans from animals. Language struktrural theory is defined as a system of signs abitrer conventional. Languages ​​based on system characteristics is a systematic and systemic. Language is systemic because it follows the provisions or rules of order, the language is systemic because the language itself is a system or subsystems. Language in general serves as a communication tool, as well as the general function of language, the Indonesian language also serves as an official communication tool and a means of unifying the nation amid the many languages ​​that comes with the speakers in different regions of origin. Indonesian status as the lingua franca of the language raised by the speakers of a different culture to be shared as a means of communication. Speakers of different cultures allows also the emergence of many indigenous languages ​​as a means of communication between people, cultural diversity or pluralism kebuadayaan to FINALLY be one of the factors affecting eksitensi Indonesian language as a lingua franca in the middle of many local languages ​​that appear in Indonesia.Bahasa change during the course of time, for example if the language spoken in large areas, or because of displacement, in some isolated areas that would be different then the language changes in different places, and the result is a group of related language. The difference in language is a byproduct of certain social conditions. Just as when we are or even move and settle in a new area, we are able to quickly learn and adapt traditional / established acts such as how the language used in the area.

Chapter 1

Preliminary

Introduction               Indonesian language is the language of unity that has emerged and established the Youth Pledge in 1928 as the national language even listed in the 1945 Constitution. Indonesian is used as the official language of communication in all the activities that take place in Indonesia. Indonesian is also designated as a lingua franca in the number of Indonesian culture which unites all the tribes and languages ​​in the territory of Indonesia. The role of the Indonesian language as unity is inseparable from the cultural factor. Residents who use different languages ​​or Dilek simultaneously, requiring the interface that allows all people to get along and work together, that's where the role of the Indonesian underway. 
               Indonesian existence amid the many cultures that demand upload their work and deliver the language by using the language of the culture of origin, which is intended to make kebuyaan such a regional identity in question is a problem that is interesting enough to discuss. It has become a serious problem nowadays, because of the nature of regionalism owned is still very strong and embedded in Indonesian society. Kentalnya sense of regionalism which is owned by the people of Indonesia affects the existence of the Indonesian language as a lingua franca and the language of unity that brings together all the tribes.
                 Indonesia's diversity, we can still feel to this day, we still can find a lot of cultural events performed by the community, such as wedding ceremonies upacar still uphold customs and culture of conducting the marriage, besides traditional ceremonies conducted to deny reinforcements, gratitude can still be encountered in every area. The problem that arises then is the role of the Indonesian language in the show is still a major role in terms of whether any conduct ceremonies that the language is Indonesian language properly or even use and uphold the language and the native vernacular, and how to position lingua franca in the culture.Based on this background that this paper will try to discuss about Indonesian as a Lingua franca in the midst of cultural pluralism that exist in Indonesia.
Chapter II Discussion
A. Language    
         Language is a universal communication tool used by every human being. Language struktrural theory is defined as a system of signs abitrer conventional (Soeparno, basics of linguistics, 2002). Language function other than as a means of communication as well as a means of unifying a nation, in this case the Indonesian language. Indonesian language is the official national language and is used in all activities related to the language. Indonesian alone amidst growing number of emerging regional languages, Indonesian therefore referred to as a lingua franca. Known as the lingua franca Indonesian raised by speakers of different cultures to be used together as a communication tool.Position of the Indonesian language as the country was also stated in the 1945 Constitution Article 36, besides Indonesian nowadays also a lingua franca of the archipelago is not only but also include Southeast Asia, as already stated in the Indonesian II Decree Congress in Medan. In addition, Indonesian also become one of the tools to deploy and introduces the cultures of Indonesia in the eyes of the world, through the Indonesian cultures can also be recognized by the people of Indonesia itself.

B. Culture   
            Culture according to Big Indonesian Dictionary is the result of the activities and the creation of mind (intellect) as human beliefs, arts, and customs) and Indonesia is a country rich in culture, ranging from beliefs, arts and customs. In this modern era of Indonesian culture is still very strong and firmly attached within Indonesian society, society still upholds the culture and customs

regulations.


            Culture is the result of human cultivation in society. Kebududayaan not acquired genetic, but acquired by the position of man as a social being



.C. Indonesian language as the lingua franca
               Indonesian as the language of the country declared its position on August 18, 1945 because at the time the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia enacted a basic law of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian second congressional decision in 1945 in Medan, said that the Indonesian language derived from the Malay language. Indonesian grown and developed from the Malay language since ancient times used as a communication language or lingua franca not only in the archipelago but also almost all over Southeast Asia, until now, even the position of the Indonesian language as the lingua franca remains embedded in the Indonesian language.


D. The relationship of language and culture     
          In view Fishman (in the language crystals, 1995) language is a recorder of paternity, pengutara patrimoni, and carrier phenomenology. The importance of language reinforced by the fact that the language is also used to achieve other experiences. Language became necessary when people talk about the various forms of culture, activities, and problems related to ethnicity.


              The relationship of language and culture is language as a manifestation of cultural identity is part easily influenced and changed. A person often do not think that language is the most important part of identity, especially when certain minority groups mingle with the public. Language can maintain identity characteristics, aspects that can be sustained it will not reduce his work in the development of culture and did not prevent survive in society. The idea of ​​language and culture is also described by the Sapir-Whorf (in the language crystals, 1995) language support which not only serves as a means to report penglaman, but (and more importantly) also serves as a means of shaping experience for speakers.


              Can be concluded from the opinion both of the language and the culture, language plays an important role and extensive experience in the totality of culture, language is not just a means of communication but it is what determines perceptions of speakers.


E. Indonesian language and culture of Indonesia.          
              Indonesian culture is very diverse, numerous cultures in Indonesia are often found and still do the traditional ceremonies. Ceremonies were many kinds, ranging from ceremonies for weddings, ceremonies to express gratitude, to deny reinforcements ceremonies. In each ceremony, the language is always up and used as a primary means of identity and in every process. The next permaslahan is whether the language used in every ceremony and put it to use Indonesian language properly or because the element of regionalism still rife owned the local language or the native language is still preferred to use. This is where the existence of Indonesian as a lingua franca in the middle of cultural pluralism in Indonesia is at stake.

              We need to look back that every culture known and certainly mengingkan identity remains strong, it means that every culture from different regions trying to maintain the special characteristics of their culture is no exception language diguanakan typed a local cultural events take place. In another sense the use of the mother tongue or regional language by the local languages ​​will definitely be used and maintained. Indonesian position even with such a condition can not replace the role of the local language.

             There's a reason why it appears the case, which is to maintain the sanctity and the nature of the culture. this sounds pretty good, but it raises a substantial question, how the role of the Indonesian language as universal unity and communication in Indonesia can run smoothly while each kebuadayaan almost all regions in Indonesia have it and each culture is also wanted culture is still alive and is not affected and undermined by anything, keep and use as a vernacular language to fill rituals or ceremonies of culture, because in addition to the language of culture is also a reflection of Indonesia in the eyes of the world.

            For example, traditional wedding rites. The wedding ceremony is one of the means used to preserve the culture from the point of customs. Usually the wedding ceremony the ritual language of instruction in all areas where it is the language of origin of the ceremony. everything about the ceremony and explained the spoken vernacular, this means that in every culture have the languages ​​of their respective regions, to maintain authenticity and sanctity of the ceremony is the vernacular used is not converted translated into the Indonesian language is good and true. For this reason the position of the Indonesian language as a lingua franca used kuarng amid cultural pluralism, the language that embraces the culture prefers language or regional dialect became the language of instruction culture.

Chapter III

ConclusionIndonesian whatever the case may still be an official national language and a language of unity as well as a lingua franca. Cultural diversity found in Indonesia is a nation of wealth that needs to be preserved. Between language and culture itself has a pretty close relationship that language as one manifestation of identity and language, and played an important role in the broad totality of culture, language is not just a means of communication but it is a determinant of perception speakers.Cultural diversity that gives rise to a lot of the language will not hinder national unification. There will be work for the task and for unity between language and vernacular cultures held particular ethnic group. Which in the end does not change the status of cultural pluralism Indonesian language as a lingua franca.

Perception Of Speech

Decotra - The perception of speech is not an easy thing done by the humans because speech is a verbal activity that glide with no clear timeline between one word with another word. Note the following three utterances: (a) not a number, (b) Open jackfruit, and (c) Not jackfruit. Though this speech three meanings differed from one another, the pronunciation is the third form of speech may be the same -. 

In addition, a sound is also not pronounced exactly the same sound every time it appears. How a spoken sound is influenced by the environment in which the sound is. Sound [b] the words of hunting, for example, is not exactly the same as the sound [b] in the word blue. In the words of Rush sound / b / is affected by the sound / u / is followed so that there is a little more lip rounding elements in making this sound. Conversely, these same sounds will be pronounced with a wide lip on the blue words to the sound / i / is a front vowel sound with wide lips.However, humans are still able to perceive the sounds of the language well. Of course, such a perception is done through certain stages. Basically there are three stages in the processing of sound perception (Clark & ​​Clark, 1977): 

1. Auditory Phase: In this phase people receive speech piece by piece. Speech is then addressed in terms of acoustic features. Concepts such as points of articulation, manner of articulation, distinctive features, and VOT is very useful here because of happenings like this that separate one sound from another sound. The sounds in the speech that we keep in our auditory memory.2. Phase phonetics: The sounds that then we identify. In our mental processes, we see, for example, whether the sound is [+ consonantal], [+ vois], [+ nasal], and so on. Similarly, the sound environment: whether the sound was followed by a vowel or by a consonant. If by vocal, vocal kind of what - front vowels, back vowels, high vowels, low vowels, etc.. Speech if it is not jackfruit, then we analyze the mental sound / b / first and determine what sound we heard was to pay attention to things like points of articulation, manner of articulation, and distinctive features. Then VOT is also noted as VOT is what will determine when the vibration of the vocal cords that happen. 

The sound segments then we store in phonetic memory. The difference between auditory memory with phonetic memory is the memory is audi-tori all allophonic variations that exist in the sound while we save on memory only phonetic features that are phonemic only. For example, when we heard a [b] of the word blind that we save on auditory memory instead of phonemes / b / and not just a point of articulation, manner of articulation, and features his distinctive, but also influence the sound / u / that follow. Thus, the [b] This was followed by a somewhat roundabout lips (lip-rounding). On phonetic memory, things like this are no longer needed his deep sound that we perceive as sound / b / then the details are not significant anymore. Does that mean, if / b / is followed by a roundabout lips or not, still the sound is the sound / b /. 

Another mental analysis is to see how it sounds caused sorted sequence is what will determine the sound of the words saying what. Sound / a /, / k /, and / n / may form dif-ferent words when the order differed. When / k / heard it first, then / a / and / n / it will sound lo / right /; when / n / is earlier, then there came the sound / son /.

PROBLEMS IN PRECEIVING SPEECH

In English, the usual calculation of the said 125-180 words per minute. News anchor on television can reach 210 words, and an interpreter also auctioning more than that (Gleason and Ratner 1998). This number takes the guess nature is were largely in the English words that have one syllable such as: book, go, eat, come, etc.. To Indonesian and Malaysian languages, this case has not been investigated. However, because most words in Indonesian and Malaysia has two syllables of two or more, such as: eating, sleeping, carrying, completed, then the number of words spoken per minute must be smaller than the numbers in English. This amount may be about 80-110 words alone.
If seen than said amount of noise, it was found that in the English as purata 25-30 segment generated sounds or phonemes in any time (Ratner & Gleason 1998). Therefore, the nature sounds the same in any language, it can be presumed that the Indonesian people also produce the same amount of sound at any time, ie, between 25-30 sound. Thus, every time we talk for a Minit, we issued between 1.500 -1.800 sound. The problem faced is how we can capture and then digesting sounds diujarkan with such speed.
In addition to speed, the sound in a spoken utterance is also not intact but melting with other sounds. We as listeners are expected to sort out which ones are which follow. English verse Ed had edited it to say it will sound strange and unusual funny, / ΕdhΘdΕditidit /, but native speakers can perceive it correctly.
The voice of a woman, a man, and a child-Beza also differed. Vibration of the vocal cords for a woman is between 200-300 per time, while for men only about 100. Therefore, the voice of a man seem more "scratch." Frequency noise childhood is higher than women's voices because of his vocal cords vibration may reach 400 per time. Distinction-the distinction can produce differing sound-Beza, though the words are pronounced the same. Word was spoken by a woman, men, and children will not sound the same.
However, we as listeners can perceive it as the same words. How do we do it? To answer this question, we need to learn in advance how the sound is produced.

Language Function

1. Registers function as a transmitter of meanLanguage is a tool for communicating. Communicating is basically point across. The mean divided  two that are instinctively and that is human. Communication is instinctively like animals that run, which usually are emotive (crying, complaining, expressed a sense of relief, barking orders or prohibitions, speech or human voice , dissatisfaction groans, long sigh, scream or groan in pain, snoring when the was asleep, the sound of people who are (hiccup) marks a glut, and others. while the intention or will of the group). While that is human communication is in the form of asking, answering, tell, responded. 
Language is the medium of communication between people. Communicate itself is easily understood as the intent or will attempt delivery man, using language as a tool anyway. In other words, the figure of the language that is essentially a device that conveys the intent or will of its own. In linguistic repertoire was found that the intent and will of the human being communicated may consist of some kind, there are some that are instingsif noninstingtif. Noninstingtif characterized human nature, which is used by the insane reasoning and logic.In the Javanese speech community, for example, can be found a lot of variety or variation of language, which each have a role and a different function. There is a variation of the so-called figure of speech level (speech level), which serves as both a transmitter device conveys intent and respect for the dialogue partners or other  said.
2. Variety as a transmitter of taste manneredPeople who only have one language using a variety said to distinguish situations official, unofficial, beautiful, and sacred. Variety used informally during a relaxed state. Variety used during the formal official. While the situation wonderfully romantic, literary variety is more widely used. In addition a variety of situations using sacral sacral anyway. Variety formal often shaped similar to what is called the standard language or variety of language standards. Variety informal sometimes consist of the same dialect, but that is not raw. Sometimes, too, it consists of a variety of informal "penyantaian" the standard language.
The use of words that are not pronounced in full, the syntax rules are not strict, technical words are replaced with the words of a general nature (Poedjo soedarmo, 1978). Sensitizing the community members in the use of each of these variations reflect sensitivity to the rules of society manners. Variety says that its form is determined by the events of the conversation, otherwise the members of the public to pay attention to it and pay attention to the use of a wide variety of events says different.
Consider how to make use of diverse members of the community said sensitized to the situation talk different. In other words, the existence of this diverse community said sensitized and are forced to obey the rules of good manners. Society should not use their own way in a variety of speech carry a variety of situations and events in conversation. Language and culture in a particular society is always used in accordance with the circumstances, conditions, and its specific needs as well. Intents and purposes a language usage can also be seen as one of the decisive figures or a wide variety of languages.
Community language only has one kind of language just use the figure of the language in anekan usage and needs.  feel the need for beauty, the color reveal the need for sanctity, and the need to express formality, all of them can only be represented by a single figure in the community language only non lingual.
If circumstances require user and fantastic forms and romantic, literary language diversity, language diversity literature, literary language diversity, or variety of beautiful would be more widely used. Wonderful variety of language or style language this so much characterized by a number of linguistic deviation, but it was done for the purpose of diversion of beauty and grace in relation to certain civility in communication within the community.
3. Speech level as a transmitter of respectRelationship to one another in the community is needed. In relationships, people are required to determine its attitude, which opponents said would regard as a person who needs to be respected or not. Others it needs to be ascertained in relation to the speaker network. Languages ​​usually have the means to express respect or disrespect to others.

 There are people who think is enough to convey the respect it in a way that is related, but there are other people who claimed the respectful relationship with language specific code. First speak in ordinary language, while the second requires honorific terms (respect) to convey the feeling of respect.
4. Idiolek as a marker of identityUse of language speakers indicate social identity. Social identities of speakers can be seen through the question what and who the speaker is and how it relates to the opponent he said. Identity of the speaker can be a family member (father, mother, brother, uncle, grandfather, grandmother, cousin, and so on). Their level of use of the various languages ​​which is the identity of the speakers as well as various social styles in one hand and ways to use the language on the other.
The special characteristic utterance person or group of people can be an indicator of their social status. Use of language variation as a result of the factors of socio cultural does not mean freedom violated rules of language. Variety is the diversity of languages ​​that use a type adapted to function and situation. Each person, because of the physical and mental state of a unique language, the language has its own idiolec. Although the rules of syntax, morphology, phonology and the uniform, but everyone has their style of speech.
Everyone has their own tendencies in selecting and using various means pronounce sounds. Every person has his own peculiarities in the way of forming words and sentences, how to comply with the language and manners choose the variety and level of speech, how to refer to people who by communication, how to organize discourse, a way to channel his mental contents.
In each individual is influenced by other language be his idol. Idiolek was trying to imitate idiolek-idiolek others. However, no matter what it is he's a unique person so in the end it was idiolek other intangibles from the other. The abnormality may lie only on the colors as one voice and speech habits sound / r / her, or how to connect a conditional sentence, or in a set way of submitting a request.
Differences between individuals that may involve differences in the habit of wearing some aspects of language as well. However, in reality, every person on this earth has a way of personality usually slightly divergent from each other. If it is reversed it can be said that the divergent idiolek was actually owned by private divergent anyway.
In other words, the divergent idiolek that it can be used to identify the person that is divergent as well. In other words, something that language variation can be used to mark an individual. If an individual is patient, then the patient will tercerminlah in idioleknya. If the individual was gentle, it will be in the hospitality tercerminlah idioleknya. If the individual was courageous, it will be reflected in the way the nature of courage bicaranyalah it. Therefore idiolek tercerim of the nature of the speakers.
5. Dialect as a transmitter of a sense of solidarityIn a society where a person's individual identity is characterized by idiolek, then the identity of the members of a particular group is characterized by dialect. In bilingual or multilingual society, the group was in fact marked by language. Languages ​​or dialects can indeed be used to indicate which a person belongs.
In terms of how to pronounce the sounds of vowels or consonants or intonation sentence. May also be differences in the form of words and terms used. There are also differences in idiom or specific phrases. Or differences in strategy talk in its entirety. Except as a marker of a person's origin, dialect or language can also be used to get a sense of solidarity, a sense of kinship and sepenanggungan by users in the presence of people from other communities.
Community members not only collectively using the dialect or language, but also produce innovations together and forget the things that do not need to be shared. Dialect was caused by waxing and waning with the whole community, and use it only be enjoyed by all members of the community.

 On the one hand, dialects or languages ​​can be equated with biological children, and members of the public as husband and wife. Dialect or language that is "the work of" those who become members of the community. Therefore, dialect or language that may be binding solidarity of people in that group. This solidarity appears strong at the time was dealing with people outside the group.
6. Standardization as a crutch sense of independenceClosely related to its function as an enricher of solidarity, language can also be used as a means of supporting the nation's sense of independence. A nation usually have their own language to express himself without dictated by other nations. Language is treated separately, because the people usually have aspects of life specifically, which is not owned by another nation.
The nation may have its own governance system; may have different customs with any other nation; may have religious and artistic life typical; may have ways of completing the other cases, and so on. All that is symbol-the symbol itself. Because of this, it is usually its language other than the language of the other.
Sense of independence is usually determined by the possession of a language that has its own standards. If the language of a nation that has a high standing in his own country, and the people usually feel a master in his own country. However, if the language he uses is just a dialect of another language, and the people often feel dependent on a nation that has no standard language was. Nation was less self-sufficient in many aspects of life. The nation can boast about his own accomplishments.
Something that is important in the sense of independence it is the nation's freedom in determining the standard language, the system he wrote, sentence grammar, idiom-idiom, the values ​​of decency and beauty in the language, and can then use it in natural language to express themselves and create what they want to create without oriented to any nation.
Therefore, it may be cognate language with language that is owned by another nation. However, so long as the nation free to determine anything else, then it is its own language was sufficient as a means to sustain a sense of freedom. However, conversely, if the grammatical rules of the language are determined by other nations, because it was his native language is other people's property, then the sense of freedom that did not exist. If the rules and the values ​​determined by other nations, the sense of self by itself does not exist.

7. Genre as a safety psychiatricThrough a variety of forms that match the color of a person's feelings that exist in the individual, language can also be used to channel mental stress. In his life, a person afflicted individuals often feel heavy, deep thoughts, as well as the desire to do something hard.When that language can be spoken in accordance with the thoughts or feelings, then the speech had been carrying out its function as a channel feelings and thoughts itu.Apabila things that infest it can be expressed then was relieved. Feeling the pressure and the other was to be reduced. But conversely, if it does not say to others, simply detained just inside yourself, loud burst of emotion that can be incurred.
8. Language as a mirror of cultureLanguage is part of a cultural community. The point is that there is a public perception of the categories will be realized in the form of language. There appear to be a wealth of language language concepts to provide categories that captured the public perception. In the end, taking into account characteristic of language, characteristic of a society will be recognized. Additionally, the language also has the function to develop and pass on other cultural forms. Without any language, can be ascertained very difficult to develop the culture of the community.
Variety said the nation reflects customary courtesy in connection with his attitudes toward a variety of events and situations speak. Dialect reflects the communities that make up the nation. Speech level reflects customary courtesy in relation to different social status held by members of the community.
 Format reflects the way tells the various facilities owned by the nation speech. Furthermore, the genre that usually reflect a variety of emotions emanating from the speakers themselves. By observing the language used by the community, usually can we describe how the development of civilization was the owner of the nation.
Accordance Malay proverb that says language suggests the nation. That is, among others, is that politeness is contained in the language often reflects a high level of civilization of a nation, or the high dignity people.